In nonstationary states, the entropy defect similarly acts as a negative feedback, or reduction of the increase of entropy, preventing its unbounded growth toward infinity. Calculation of Entropy change From the first law of thermodynamics, The second Tds equation is obtained by eliminating du from the above equation using the. In stationary states, the consequent thermodynamics generalizes the classical framework, which was based on the Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy and Maxwell–Boltzmann canonical distribution of particle velocities, into the respective entropy and canonical distribution associated with kappa distributions. We show that these properties provide a solid foundation for the entropy defect and for generalizing thermodynamics to describe systems residing out of the classical thermal equilibrium, both in stationary and nonstationary states. The entropy defect determines how the entropy of the system compares to its constituent’s entropies and stands on three fundamental properties: each constituent’s entropy must be (i) separable, (ii) symmetric, and (iii) bounded. However, a popular definition of entropy is that it is the measure of disorder, uncertainty, and randomness in a. This defect is closely analogous to the mass defect that arises when nuclear particle systems are assembled. Entropy is used for the quantitative analysis of the second law of thermodynamics. The entropy defect quantifies the change in entropy caused by the order induced in a system through the additional correlations among its constituents when two or more subsystems are assembled. This paper describes the physical foundations of the newly discovered “entropy defect” as a basic concept of thermodynamics.
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